Water Treatment Dosing Calculator野外净水投药计算器
Bleach, iodine or chlorine dioxide — exact drops, wait times and the pathogen gap for your water. 漂白剂、碘或二氧化氯——按水量与水温给出滴数、等待时间与病原覆盖缺口。
How the dosing calculator works
Chemical disinfection is a timed process, not a flavor test. Enter your container volume, the product in your kit, water clarity and temperature, and the calculator returns the exact dose and minimum contact time.
The bleach protocol follows the U.S. CDC emergency guidance for unscented household sodium hypochlorite: 8 drops of 5.25–6% bleach per gallon of clear water (16 drops if cloudy), held for 30 minutes, followed by a chlorine smell test. The more concentrated 8.25% formula needs only 6 drops per gallon. Scaling is linear, so a one-quart bottle gets 2 clear / 4 cloudy drops of the classic concentration.
Why Cryptosporidium changes everything
Cryptosporidium is protected by a thick shell and shrugs off standard chlorine and iodine contact times. The two field-practical defenses are a cyst-rated filter (absolute ≤1 µm or NSF/ANSI 53/58) and chlorine dioxide given a full 4-hour contact in cold water. If your route takes snowmelt or water below beaver ponds, pick one of those two.
The smell test
After the wait, loosen the cap and sniff. A faint chlorine odor at the cap means a residual exists and the water is safe; no odor means the chemical was consumed by organic load — repeat the same dose and wait another 15 minutes. Never mix disinfectants together in the water.
计算原理
化学消毒是“时间工艺”，不是尝味道。输入容器水量、你包里的药剂、浑浊度和水温，计算器给出精确剂量与最短接触时间。
漂白剂方案采用美国 CDC 应急指南的无香家用次氯酸钠用法：5.25–6% 漂白剂每加仑清水 8 滴（浑水 16 滴），接触 30 分钟后做氯味测试；8.25% 浓缩配方每加仑仅需 6 滴。剂量线性缩放，所以 1 夸脱水瓶用经典浓度就是清水 2 滴、浑水 4 滴。
为什么隐孢子虫改变了一切
隐孢子虫有厚壁保护，常规氯与碘的接触时间对它基本无效。野外可行的两条防线是：包囊级滤水器（绝对孔径 ≤1 µm 或 NSF/ANSI 53/58），以及给足 4 小时冷接触时间的二氧化氯。路线上有融雪水或海狸坝下游水源时，二者必选其一。
氯味测试
等待结束后拧松瓶盖闻一下：瓶口有淡淡氯味说明有余氯、可以饮用；没有气味说明消毒剂被有机物耗尽——同剂量补加一次，再等 15 分钟。绝不要在水中混用不同消毒剂。