Campsite Evaluator营地选择评估器
Ten-point score for dead trees, drainage, wind, water distance, wildlife sign and avalanche terrain. 枯树、排水、风、距水距离、兽迹与雪崩地形的十分制评估，附逐项整改与 LNT 距离卡。
How the campsite evaluator works
Most overnight incidents are not dramatic falls — they are nights spent wet under a dead limb, flooded in a hollow, or downwind of a bear trail. Good site selection happens in the first five minutes, in daylight.
Ten hazards, three levels each
The evaluator walks the classic site-selection survey in order. For every factor you choose 0 (the hazard is present), 1 (marginal or uncertain) or 2 (good): dead trees and hanging limbs overhead; drainage and low ground; wind exposure including the leeward side of dead stands; distance to water; wildlife sign, game trails and food smells; ground durability and flatness; land status, permits and closures; avalanche terrain, runout zones and terrain traps; rockfall from cliffs and gullies; and flood lines, debris marks and tides. The score is simply:
score = Σ factor points (0–2 each, maximum 20)
What the bands mean
16–20: recommended — the main hazards are controlled, though you still brief the group. 11–15: caution — usable only after fixing the flagged factors before dark. 6–10: poor — keep looking, because several serious hazards overlap. 0–5: do not camp, even if moving costs daylight. Any factor scoring 0 or 1 returns a concrete instruction — for example moving fully clear of a dead tree’s drip line, relocating 200 ft from water, or leaving a wash that can flood under a sky that is still blue.
The Leave No Trace distance card
Safety and low-impact rules share the same numbers. Dig cat holes 6–8 in (15–20 cm) deep and at least 200 ft (60 m / 70 paces) from water, trail and camp; pack out toilet paper when possible. Fires go only in existing rings where fires are allowed, at least 15 ft (5 m) from the tent and flammables, using dead and downed wood no thicker than a wrist, then drowned cold to the touch. Washing, dishes and teeth stay 200 ft from water, and food, trash and every scented item are stored per the bear-hang geometry in T13. Prefer established pads and durable surfaces — concentrating impact is the goal, not spreading a new tent-shaped clearing into the woods.
评估器的工作原理
多数过夜意外并非戏剧性的坠落，而是在枯枝下被雨淋湿、在洼地里被水淹没、或扎在了熊径下风侧。好营地是在到达后的头五分钟、趁天亮选出来的。
十项隐患，每项三级
评估器按经典营地勘察顺序逐项走查，每项选 0（隐患存在）、1（勉强或不确定）、2（良好）：头顶枯树与悬挂枝；排水与低洼地；风的暴露程度（含枯林下风侧）；距水源距离；兽迹、兽径与食物气味；地面耐踩度与平整度；土地权属、许可与封闭令；雪崩地形、冲出区与地形陷阱；崖壁冲沟落石；洪水线、杂物痕迹与潮汐。得分计算为：
总分 = Σ 各项分值（每项 0–2，满分 20）
各区间含义
16–20：推荐——主要隐患受控，仍需向全队交代；11–15：谨慎——必须在天黑前整改标红项后才能使用；6–10：较差，继续另找，说明多个严重隐患叠加；0–5：不要扎营，即使牺牲天色也要换地方。每项 0 或 1 都给出具体指令，例如彻底移出枯树滴水线范围、后撤到距水 200 英尺外、或离开头顶仍可能晴天暴发山洪的干沟。
无痕山林距离卡
安全规则与低影响规则共享同一组数字。猫洞深 15–20 厘米（6–8 英寸），距水、步道与营地至少 60 米（200 英尺/约 70 步）；卫生纸尽量带出。只在允许处使用既有火环生火，距帐篷与一切可燃物至少 5 米（15 英尺），只烧手腕粗细以内的倒地枯木，睡前浇到摸起来冰凉。洗漱、洗碗、刷牙同样距水 60 米；食物、垃圾与一切有味物品按 T13 的防熊悬挂几何储存。优先既有营地与耐踩表面——目标是把影响集中，而不是在林子里开出一块新的帐篷空地。